I got this email today (a good one) from a reader wanting to know who we should hold responsible for the mortgage "crisis."

Q: David: Can we hold our political leaders responsible for the financial crisis comprising misrepresented mortgage-based financial vehicles, like CDOs, derivatives, and other mortgage portfolio "packages" or is this so-called crisis just the by-product of a "natural" inclination of the mortgage market to correct itself in accord with principles of supply and demand? In other words, is there a specific group of humans culpable for this crisis?

A: Good question. Here's my answer.

The old adage, if 10 years ago makes for an adage, was to monitor your credit and close down any unused credit accounts. Before the advent of "instant" mortgage approvals and automated underwriting systems, loans were actually evaluated completely by a living, breathing human being: an underwriter.

When a borrower would make an application for a home loan, an underwriter would look at other credit accounts. Some that had a credit limit with a low or zero balance. If the potential borrower had any past history of running up his credit line to or beyond his credit limit, it would make an underwriter nervous. What if a borrower who was pushing his debt ratios to qualify for a home loan would suddenly go out and buy a boat, a new car and take a trip to Cozumel right after he closed on his mortgage loan? Suddenly that new homeowner might not have the ability to pay his brand new mortgage.

From another prudent point of view, having old, unused credit accounts simply should be canceled should anyone ever attempt to steal an identify or otherwise charge something on an old card. But that's old school. Here's the new school.

Many moons ago, we in the mortgage business would sometimes hear the phrase, "I've got terrible credit but my Uncle said he would co-sign for me" and we would put together a financing package that would allow the nice Uncle to appear on the loan with the person who had the bad credit.

Lenders understood that, just like other consumer loans, if something went awry with the mortgage loan they could come after the Uncle for payment. But not anymore and it's been that way for quite some time. Unfortunately, many consumers aren't aware of this lending rule.

Lenders will use the lower of the middle scores for each borrower. If the three credit bureaus report your scores as 589, 550 and 545, then the lender will the middle score for underwriting purposes. If the Uncle's three scores were 810, 779 and 766 the score for underwriting purposes would be 779. That's a great score. But there are some misconceptions about these scores, that lenders average them together or they use the highest one or they use the one who makes the most money and so on. The lender will use the lowest of the middle scores and if 550 is too low for an approval, then no-can-do. Misconceptions can cause a lot of heartache. What do do?

The first choice would be simply to wait, repair the negative credit items and wait for your credit scores to heal. Or second, the Uncle could buy the property as an investment home with you being on title. You don't have to be on a mortgage in order to be legally recorded as an owner of the property. Your name along with your Uncle's name will appear on the title report for all future generations to see.

Real estate finance expert David Reed is president of CD REED Mortgage Bankers in Austin, TX and author of Mortgage Confidential: What You Need to Know That Your Lender Won't Tell You and Mortgages 101: Quick Answers to over 250 Critical Questions About Your Home Loan.

Late last year, the Fed approved some new mortgage guidelines as part of a broad effort to fix the housing woes. These guidelines, aimed at the sub prime mortgage industry:

• Requires lenders to determine the borrower's ability to repay a mortgage loan by using the highest potential mortgage payment during the first seven years of the loan.
• Ban "no verification" loans -- meaning lenders must now verify both income as well as assets.
• Ban prepayment penalties if the payment could change any time during the first four years of the new loan.
• Require insurance and tax escrow accounts, called "impound" accounts in many parts of the country.

There. That will fix those mean old sub prime lenders. No more sub prime lenders making bad loans to people who can't afford them. Yeah, that'll teach 'em. The problem is, just exactly who will these new rules apply to, hmmm? I don't see any sub prime lenders, they're all out of business. Went away last year. Can anyone say, "too little, too late?"

Mortgage expert David Reed invites WalletPop readers to ask him questions about real estate financing. Leave your questions in the comment section of this post.

Fannie Mae is the nickname given to the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA). First established as a government agency in 1938 by Franklin D. Roosevelt then later re-chartered in 1968 as a publicly traded and government sponsored enterprise. Fannie's job is to provide liquidity in the mortgage market. Freddie Mac, or the Federal Home Loan Corporation (FHMLC) was created in 1970 as a government sponsored private entity just like Fannie Mae with a similar mission, to provide liquidity and add stability in the housing market using private funds.

So how do they do that? How do they provide liquidity and stability in the mortgage market? Let's first look at liquidity and why that's important. When a mortgage company wants to make a home loan it can do so from it's vault of cash or it can be issued from the lender's credit line it has established for the sole purpose of making home loans. Let's say a lender has $100 million in available funds to place mortgages. Now let's say that same lender was successful in its endeavor and lent out everything it had. Zero bank balance. Okay, they've got a lot of real estate in their portfolio but they've run out of cash. Remember, they call lenders "lenders" for a reason, if there's no money to lend, they won't be lenders for very much longer. So what to do?

Mortgage expert David Reed invites WalletPop readers to ask him questions about real estate financing. Leave your questions in the comment section of this post.

Who cares that you got rid of that old, beer-drinking, half-shaven unemployed couch potato five years ago? And why exactly would a lender want to look at a copy of your old divorce decree, if you could find one, that is? Do divorced people have higher default rates on mortgages?

Lenders want to see divorce decrees because that's the only way to determine if there are any support payments between the two former lovebirds. Credit reports only show consumer payments such as automobile loans, credit cards and student loans. Alimony payments only show up in divorce papers and if someone has a $1,000 a month support obligation that could seriously affect the ability to make house payments.

But how would a lender even know if you got divorced five years ago? A couple of ways. One, on the loan application there are questions that ask you if you're obligated to pay child support or alimony and also if you've ever obtained credit under any other name. Women who take the husband's last name at marriage then later get divorced will find that their credit report might show different last names. That's always a signal to a lender of a possible divorce in the background. And they'll ask for that decree.

Mortgage expert David Reed invites Walletpop readers to ask him questions about real estate financing. leave your questions in the comment section of this post.

I got a couple of emails this past week from potential clients who had different situations they were needing help with but they both made frequent use of "quotation marks." It's not that quotation marks are some odd punctuation, it's not, but it's always the "use" of quotation marks in an email that can give me pause.

The first email was from a real estate agent who was moving to Austin from California and she was referred to me as someone who might help in her "situation." She was in real estate but also taught piano on the side.

She wrote, "David, I'm in real estate and moving to Austin. I do well in real estate and have actually been involved in a few Austin deals this past year. I do know however, that I will require a "stated" income loan." When she put quotation marks around the word "stated" I had a hunch what was up.

Mortgage expert David Reed invites Walletpop readers to ask him questions about real estate financing. leave your questions in the comment section of this post.

The Annual Percentage Rate, or APR, is perhaps one of the most abused and misunderstood numbers when applying for a mortgage loan. Enacted years ago as part of the Federal Truth in Lending Act of 1968, this well-intentioned government consumer protection statute (goodness, how many of those do we have?) did many things but mostly it confused everybody. Most loan officers will tell you that the APR is a meaningless number so don't pay any attention to it when what they really mean is they have no clue as to how it's calculated or why it's even there.

What it's supposed to do is allow consumers to easily compare mortgage rate quotes from one lender to another by comparing the APR number. The APR is correctly defined as the cost of money borrowed expressed as an annual rate. When you get a mortgage you get an interest rate to go along with it but typically the lender has other fees it wants to charge so those fees need to be factored into the mortgage rate to come up with an APR.

The larger the variance between your mortgage rate -- the rate your payments are actually based on -- and the APR means one lender has more "junk" fees than it's competitor and will show a higher APR. Or at least that's the theory.

Mortgage expert David Reed invites Walletpop readers to ask him questions about real estate financing. leave your questions in the comment section of this post.

Which is the better choice, a mortgage broker or a mortgage banker? First, let's dig a little deeper and find out exactly what each of these terms mean.

A mortgage broker does not lend money nor make a mortgage but instead finds a mortgage from other lenders on behalf of their client, the buyer. A mortgage banker places a mortgage directly to the buyer from its own funds. Does that make the mortgage broker more expensive?

No, because the mortgage broker has access to other mortgage company's loans at a discount, mark them up to "retail" and can compete with any direct lender. Much like an independent insurance agent who shops around for the best deal. In fact, that's an advantage mortgage brokers tout...having the ability to shop for the best deal. A mortgage banker can't shop around, they use the interest rates and fees set by their company. So if the broker can shop around for the best deal, isn't the broker the better choice? Not necessarily.

Mortgage expert David Reed invites Walletpop readers to ask him questions about real estate financing. leave your questions in the comment section of this post.

Rates over the past few months have been volatile, to say the least. I recall one day where mortgage rates on a 30-year fixed rate loan went up nearly 1/2% in one day. That's a rare occurrence, but not unheard of. Rates can move throughout the day based upon a variety of economic or political factors but the fact that they do move requires a portion of prudence when it comes to qualifying.

Realtors, lenders, even your beer buddies acknowledge the importance of getting pre-approved by a lender before you go shopping for a home. When you do so you can shop in confidence. That is unless you were pushing debt ratios to begin with while mortgage rates hovered near 5 1/2%, like they did last March. Now, rates are closer to 6% and if you got pre-approved for a home loan a couple of months ago and are still shopping you might want to contact your lender and make sure you can still qualify.

This is especially true for those who might have been pre-approved for a mortgage to buy a brand new house but the builder isn't finished with your new abode. A lot can happen over several weeks, shoot, a lot can happen in the course of a business day. If you're pre-approved, it pays to contact your lender to find out how high rates can go and still keep your pre-approval. If you make an offer on a house and rates have gone up, you might be in for a sad surprise.

Real estate finance expert David Reed is president of CD REED Mortgage Bankers in Austin, TX and author of Mortgage Confidential: What You Need to Know That Your Lender Won't Tell You and Mortgages 101: Quick Answers to over 250 Critical Questions About Your Home Loan.